Summer is Here! The summer season officially started at 6:51am on Saturday, June 21st.
What's the difference between astronomical summer and meteorological summer?
Simple, the 3 hottest months of the year which is June, July, and August, is classified as meteorological summer. The climatological data for the summer is collected and recorded for this period of the season. So, it begins on June 1st and ends on August 30th. Astronomical Summer is slightly later by about 20 days because its based on the position of the Earth in relation to the sun. The date you often see on your calendar is almost always on June 21st but occasionally can fall on the 20th. Very rarely does it ever occur on June 22nd. The last time the summer solstice was on June 22nd was in 1971. The next time isn't expected to happen for another 189 years in 2203.
So, very briefly, what is the summer solstice?
Well, the location where the sun is shining directly overhead is known as the "subsolar point." The June "summer solstice" occurs when the subsolar point reaches its northernmost position, at the Tropic of Cancer (just north of 23 degrees North latitude). The summer solstice is normally referred to as the "longest day of the year" since this is the date when duration of daylight is at its highest. Since the December (winter) solstice 2013, Indianapolis has gained 5 hours 38 minutes. Since, this is the longest day of the year, daylight will begin to decrease on June 22nd until the winter solstice on December 21st, 2014. We are expecting to lose what we gained which again is 5 hours and 38 minutes. The sun will rise 1 hr 46 mins later from 6:17 AM on June 21st to 8:03 AM on December 21st. The sun will set 3 hrs 53 mins earlier from 9:16 PM on June 21st to 5:23 PM on December 21st.
This year we saw our 1st 60 of the year on February 20th and 1st 70 on April 10th. We typically get a taste of summer heat in the Spring as well. It hasn't been extreme this year but we saw our 1st 80 on May 7th. Since then, we've seen 22 days with high temperatures 80+. The highest temperature has been 88° on 3 different days but consecutively on June 17th, 18th, and 19th. While some locations saw their 1st 90 of the year during this time, Indianapolis came up short on that stick. So, we continue to wait for the arrival of our 1st 90. The average date for the 1st 90 is June 14th. We are now a week overdue. After looking through the past 143 years of weather record keeping, 61 years saw the 1st 90 on June 15th or later. That's 42% of the years on record. Of those 61 years, 40 years saw the 1st 90 between June 15th-30th, while the other 21 years saw the 1st 90 on July 1st or later. Of those 21 years, only 3 three times has the 1st 90 arrived after August 1st.
Since 1980, only 7 times has the 1st 90 arrived on July 1st or later. In 2004, the thermometer failed to go above 89° so we didn't see a 90 that year and that is the only year on record for that to happen. In 1960, the 1st 90° day did not arrive until September 1st. Much of that week saw a nice period of 90° weather. The earliest date for the 1st 90 was on April 24th, 1925.
Here is a complete history of 1st 90° dates since 1871:
1871: June 1
1872: June 19
1873: June 3
1874: June 4
1875: June 23
1876: June 11
1877: June 4
1878: June 28
1879: June 24
1880: June 11
1881: June 16
1882: June 22
1883: July 2
1884: June 21
1885: June 7
1886: July 4
1887: June 16
1888: June 14
1889: May 10
1890: June 21
1891: June 14
1892: June 12
1893: June 19
1894: June 3
1895: May 5
1896: May 8
1897: June 14
1898: June 7
1899: June 4
1900: May 16
1901: June 11
1902: June 12
1903: July 1
1904: July 16
1905: June 17
1906: June 28
1907: June 20
1908: June 21
1909: July 1
1910: June 18
1911: May 25
1912: July 15
1913: June 6
1914: May 26
1915: July 13
1916: July 2
1917: June 26
1918: May 31
1919: May 29
1920: June 10
1921: May 20
1922: June 15
1923: June 17
1924: June 19
1925: April 24 (Earliest 1st 90)
1926: June 13
1927: June 29
1928: July 3
1929: June 18
1930: June 23
1931: June 12
1932: June 30
1933: June 6
1934: May 31
1935: June 29
1936: May 9
1937: May 30
1938: July 7
1939: May 23
1940: June 5
1941: May 20
1942: April 30
1943: June 12
1944: June 4
1945: June 28
1946: June 11
1947: June 30
1948: June 4
1949: June 3
1950: June 26
1951: June 1
1952: May 5
1953: May 25
1954: June 9
1955: July 3
1956: June 10
1957: June 16
1958: July 4
1959: May 5
1960: September 1 (Latest 1st 90)
1961: July 30
1962: May 17
1963: June 7
1964: June 8
1965: May 24
1966: June 9
1967: May 25
1968: June 9
1969: May 29
1970: June 17
1971: June 25
1972: May 25
1973: June 11
1974: July 2
1975: June 20
1976: June 14
1977: May 19
1978: May 27
1979: August 6
1980: June 26
1981: June 14
1982: July 5
1983: June 23
1984: June 12
1985: May 31
1986: June 20
1987: May 29
1988: May 31
1989: June 23
1990: July 4
1991: June 2
1992: June 17
1993: July 3
1994: May 23
1995: June 18
1996: June 28
1997: July 2
1998: June 24
1999: June 8
2000: August 9
2001: June 14
2002: June 4
2003: July 3
2004: N/A (No 90s recorded. Only year on record for this to happen. Highest Temperature was 89° on June 8, 9, 11, July 22)
2005: June 5
2006: July 2
2007: June 7
2008: June 8
2009: June 19
2010: June 11
2011: May 30
2012: May 26
2013: July 16
2014: ????????
Here are the 1st 90° dates after June 14th!
June 15, 1922
June 16, 1881
June 16, 1887
June 16, 1957
June 17, 1905
June 17, 1923
June 17, 1970
June 17, 1992
June 18, 1910
June 18, 1929
June 18, 1995
June 19, 1872
June 19, 1893
June 19, 1924
June 19, 2009
June 20, 1907
June 20, 1975
June 20, 1996
June 21, 1884
June 21, 1890
June 21, 1908
June 22, 1882
June 23, 1875
June 23, 1930
June 23, 1983
June 23, 1989
June 24, 1879
June 24, 1998
June 25, 1971
June 26, 1917
June 26, 1950
June 26, 1980
June 28, 1878
June 28, 1906
June 28, 1945
June 28, 1996
June 29, 1927
June 29, 1935
June 30, 1932
June 30, 1947
July 1, 1903
July 1, 1909
July 2, 1916
July 2, 1974
July 2, 1997
July 2, 2006
July 3, 1928
July 3, 1955
July 3, 1993
July 3, 2003
July 4, 1958
July 4, 1990
July 5, 1982
July 7, 1938
July 13, 1915
July 15, 1912
July 16, 1904
July 30, 1961
August 6, 1979
August 9, 2000
September 1, 1960
MISCELLANEOUS DATA:
Top 5 Years With The Most 90° Days
1983: 58
1936: 55
1954: 50
1988: 49
1934: 46
Top 5 Years With The least 90° Days
2004: 0
1877: 2
1958: 2
1992: 2
1904 & 1950: 3
Top 5 Years With The Longest Streaks Of 90° Days
2011: 23 days from July 17th to August 8th
1936: 19 days from August 8th to August 26th & 15 days from July 3rd to July 17th
1901: 18 days from July 13th to July 30th
2012: 17 days from June 27th to July 13th
2007: 14 days from July 31st to August 13th
Years with 100° Temperatures, Total Number for Those Years, & Any Streaks For Those Years
1936: 12 (9 consecutive days of 100+ temps from July 7th to July 15th, ranked #1)
1934: 10 (3 consecutive days of 100+ temps from June 27th to June 29th and 6 days from July 20th to July 25th)
2012: 9 (4 consecutive days of 100+ temps from July 4th to July 7th, 2 consecutive days on June 28th & 29th)
1988: 5 (2 consecutive days of 100+ temps on July 8th & 9th)
1954: 4 (No streaks)
1881: 3 (2 consecutive days of 100+ temps on July 10th & 11th)
1887: 3 (2 consecutive days of 100+ temps on July 17th & 18th)
1901: 3 (2 consecutive days of 100+ temps on July 21st & 22nd)
1930: 3 (No streaks)
1953: 3 (2 consecutive days of 100+ temps on August 1st & 2nd)
1895: 2 (No streaks)
1911: 2 (July 3rd & 4th)
1916: 2 (July 27th & 28th)
1939: 2 (September 14th & 15th)
2011: 2 (No Streaks)
1913: 1
1914: 1
1918: 1
1940: 1
1941: 1
1952: 1
1980: 1
Indianapolis typically sees about 150 days with temperatures 70° and above every year. Of those 150 days, 90 days are usually 80+ and roughly 20 days are usually 90+. Since 100° days are rare and we don't see one every year, its better to go by an average for an extended period of years. Overall, we've seen 72 days with temperatures 100+ since 1871. For every 23 years, we average about 12 days with temperature 100+. Here's how I computed that number. I simply counted up the total for each 23 years and averaged them out by 6.
(1) 1871-1894: 6
(2) 1895-1918: 12
(3) 1919-1942: 29
(4) 1943-1966: 8
(5) 1967-1990: 6
(6) 1991-2014: 11
Top 5 Hottest Average Summer Temperature
1874: 78.6°
1936: 78.5°
1934: 78.2°
2010: 78.1°
2012: 77.8°
Top 5 Coolest Average Summer Temperature
1927: 69.9°
1915: 70.0°
1992: 70.3°
1950: 70.4°
1958: 70.8°
THE HOTTEST HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORDED was 106° on July 14, 1936
THE HOTTEST LOW TEMPERATURE RECORDED was 85° on June 28, 1874
THE COOLEST HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORDED was 53° on June 3, 1945
THE COOLEST LOW TEMPERATURE RECORDED was 37° on June 22, 1992
SPECIAL NOTE: THE INFORMATION IN THIS BLOG DOES NOT INCLUDE PRECIPITATION. WILL UPDATE THAT IN SOON. ALSO, I WILL INCLUDE LATEST LAST 90°, 80°, & 70° DATES LATER IN THE YEAR ALONG WITH SOME OTHER CHILLY LATE SUMMER STATS
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